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Critical race theory (CRT) is an academic discipline focused upon the application of critical theory, a critical examination of US society and culture, to the intersection of race, law, and power.〔〔 Critical race theory is often associated with many of the controversial issues involved in the pursuit of equality issues related to race and ethnicity. The movement is loosely unified by two common themes. First, CRT proposes that white supremacy and racial power are maintained over time, and in particular, that the law may play a role in this process. Second, CRT work has investigated the possibility of transforming the relationship between law and racial power, and more broadly, pursues a project of achieving racial emancipation and anti-subordination.〔Gotanda et al, Critical Race Theory: Key Writings That Formed the Movement, New Press (1995), Introduction.〕 Appearing in U.S. law schools in the mid- to late 1980s, critical race theory began as a reaction to critical legal studies.〔(Marxism and educational theory: origins and issues By Mike Cole )〕 Scholars such as Derrick Bell applauded the focus of civil rights scholarship on race, but were deeply critical of civil rights scholars' commitment to colorblindness and their focus on intentional discrimination, rather than a broader focus on the conditions of racial inequality.〔Bell in "Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma"Harvard Law Review, Vol. 93, 1980〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO'S AFRAID OF CRITICAL RACE THEORY? by Derrick Bell|1995 University of Illinois Law Review )〕 Likewise, scholars like Patricia Williams, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, and Mari Matsuda embraced the focus on the reproduction of hierarchy in critical legal studies, but criticized CLS scholars for failing to focus on racial domination and on the particular sources of racial oppression.〔Patricia Williams, Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of A Law Professor (Harvard U Press, 1992); Kimberle Crenshaw, Race, Reform and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Anti-Discrimination Law, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1331 (1988); Mari Matsuda, Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations, 22 Harv. Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Rev. 323 (1987).〕 By 2002, over 20 US law schools and at least 3 foreign law schools offered critical race theory courses or classes which covered the issue centrally. Critical race theory is taught and innovated in the fields of education, political science, women's studies, ethnic studies, and American studies. ==Definition of Critical Race Theory (CRT)== According to the UCLA School of Public Affairs: CRT recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and system of the American society. The individual racist need not exist to note that institutional racism is pervasive in the dominant culture. This is the analytical lens that CRT uses in examining existing power structures. CRT identifies that these power structures are based on white privilege and white supremacy, which perpetuates the marginalization of people of color.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What Is Critical Race Theory? )〕 Legal scholar Roy L. Brooks has defined CRT as "a collection of critical stances against the existing legal order from a race-based point of view", and says it focuses on the various ways in which the received tradition in law adversely affects people of color not as individuals but as a group. Thus, CRT attempts to analyze law and legal traditions through the history, contemporary experiences, and racial sensibilities of racial minorities in this country. The question always lurking in the background of CRT is this: What would the legal landscape look like today if people of color were the decision-makers? 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「critical race theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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